Blade Runner Essay Example For Students

Blade Runner Essay Blade Runner has mass appeal and simultaneously addresses complex issues, with use of film settings, science fiction genre, issues of what is it to be human, and Christianity. The art of the film maker is to use the audiences attention to suggest his/her views of society. That is why films like Blade Runner, directed by Ridley Scott, have mass attraction but at the same time address critical and complex issues. Blade Runner was brought to America s attention, perhaps in an unfortunate context, about the time when Ronald Reagan was promising a very bright but perhaps false future, (1982). The idea of the future culture clashed with Scott s, but there is something about the rain soaked Los Angeles that suggested more truth. Scott s views of the future fit in with the expected contexts science fiction displays, and therefore half of the narrative comes from our own ideology as readers. A perception of the future already exists once people have watched just about any science fiction movie, that the world to come will be dark, misty, and horrible. The other half was to do with the environment in Blade Runner, and how well it compliments and carries the weight of the film. It is all dark and dingy with a suggestive Gothic feeling due to the ideas we have of dark alleys, sinister rooms and smoke. The smoke is a richly suggestive idea of Scott s, with everyone in the movie smoking, this perhaps issues ideas which co-relate to the anti smoking campaigns which became popular around the beginning of the 80 s. Times when smoking has become anathema, and a universal symbol of dissipation, perhaps it is an echo, or reminder of the poisonous exhalations of a capitalist society, and how this may well be a voluntary act which is undoubtedly bad for you. Science fiction movies do so well because they are dealing with the unknown and Scott uses this to explore possible outcomes of Japanese world domination. Science fiction allows creativity to exist without messing with what people know as reality. This type of movie is one of the only sources for society to explore what the future will be. After seeing Blade Runner viewers can conclude that the future looks grim. Scenes of the city streets being more crowded than anyone can imagine, noisy, and populated with Japanese, suggest that the Japanese have taken over the world. If the Japanese take over the world the movie suggests it won t be a pleasant place. This creates racial tension because it was written by white westernised Americans. This would complement the ideas that western people previously had imagining if the Japanese took over the world. These racial conclusions are apparent at the time of making the film, and would of been deliberately placed by Scott. Science Fiction films with futuristic concepts provide the base for the story, but do not dominate the more universal themes like what is humanity? What s the difference between humans and replicants? When does a replicant become human? A replicant is controversially a robot, which thinks, moves and to a degree feels like a human. The main question Scott poses, is how could we call some brain dead drug addict who spends ninety percent of the time without human consciousness a human, and decide that a replicant is not. The only way you can tell replicants apart from humans is the Kemp -Voigt test, this is a process of multiple questions which determines replicants by their lack of feelings and emotions to events, comparing it to the ideal feelings which humans should feel. It was hinted that this test was not completely fool proof. This was explained during the conversation between Deckard and Tyrll, and how it took over one hundred questions to determine that Racheal was not human. Quite possibly the drug addict mentioned before wouldn t pass the test for humanity with flying colours either. Christian issues are raised and many feelings are evident in the replicants, which hint that they think along the same way as humans do. Acceptance of death is a big issue. Roy and his followers main purpose was to delay death which appears to be most humans idea as well. .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .postImageUrl , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:hover , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:visited , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:active { border:0!important; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:active , .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8 .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2af64d14d69ac703246c23a19ff1c6e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Heroic Story of Ayrton Senna EssayRoy makes a speech just before he passes away- † I ve seen things you people wouldn t believe, attack ships on fire on the shoulder of Orion, I ve watched sea beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhauser Gate. All of these moments will be lost, like tears in the rain, Time to die. †He comments that even though we may have things he doesn t, we could learn many more things from him, just through our differences. At the end of Roy s life he was holding a dove which was let go once his life left him. This was obviously symbolism explaining the religious aspect to the film. This raises a Christian question that perhaps the difference between us and them is that we have a soul. A reader likes to position him/herself on either side of the main conflict, in this case for the humans or for the replicants. Initially you would feel for the humans. Surprisingly to further muddle up the question about who s side the viewer will take, in film noir usually the bad guys are dark and the good guys are white. In Blade Runner the lighting is reversed, especially in the case of Roy, who is very white, with white hair, and often in much clearer lighting. Scott is perhaps trying to share an idea that, there is not necessarily a wrong and right which is so straightforward as we would like it to be. Deckard s last and most poignant conflict arises because he falls for Racheal, a Replicant. This was cut short in the directors cut. At the beginning of the film, the questions where answered easily, replicant bad, and humans good. But as time develops the line beckoning the difference between both becomes blurred and then an important question is asked, could it possibly be that these replicants are better people than humans are? That last question is at its peak when Roy, a Replicant, saves Deckard, even after Deckard has killed all the other replicants and was trying to murder Roy himself. Mass media degrading of a particular group, and the effects of unbridled capitalism contributes to the development of racism. Therefore we could quite easily say that looking at the Blade Runners, could be looking at any discriminated group for example aboriginals. Aboriginals like Blade Runners were discriminated against because of there differences to the average person/dominant race. Bladerunners are hunted and â€Å"retired†, whilst aboriginals were taken away and â€Å"educated†. Racheal is a pretty replicant who was unaware that she was one, till Deckard pointed it out. Deckard fell for her at the end of the film, which makes it bluntly obvious that the differences between them and humans were pretty small. Blade Runner is a valuable film which helps people create perceptions about the future, and how they will fit in. Scott explains the future pessimistically like a dark nightmare. But these explanations are his views and he manages by the use of film techniques to display his views of society in an interesting way, which keeps the readers attention.

The Levels of Meaning in Blake’s “London”​ an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

The Levels of Meaning in Blake’s â€Å"London†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ by Expert Suzzane | 07 Dec 2016 William Blake is a prolific poet whose works can be read on many different levels. His Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience are fine examples of this. Blakes London is a masterpiece in that it presents a view that can be read on religious, political and social levels through its masterful use of syntax and diction. Need essay sample on "The Levels of Meaning in Blakes London" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Clearly, the title of the poem London sets the reader up to view the city through the eyes of the speaker. Andrew Moore notes that modern readers can identify more with the poem than perhaps readers in Blakes time because our association with the dirt and poverty of urban areas as nightmarish is more rooted in modern reality than those of the earlier era. He comments that it exposes the gulf between those in power and the misery of poor people (Moore). Thus, Blakes poem can be red on a social level. Certain images in the poem aid in the social commentary that Blake is elucidating. First, the Marks of weakness, marks of woe draw the reader into the sadness and oppression of the London streets. The repetition of the cries of various voices in the streets, the cry of every man, the infants cry, the chimney-sweepers cry, and the cry of the harlot and her newborn, give a continuous sound to the hopelessness. Moore again comments that this last cry is the most damning, in that the harlots cry is a curse on the traditional, societal values of marriage and family. He says the cry of the child-prostitute is the truth behind respectable ideas of marriage. New birth is no happy event but continues the cycle of misery, and the wedding carriage is seen as a hearse, leading to a kind of death (of innocence? of happiness?). The word plagues here suggests the sexually transmitted diseases which the "youthful harlot" would contract and pass on to others (men married for convenience but with no desire for their wives), giving her cursing words real destructive power (Moore). Sadly, as Blake is clearly noting, the prostitute has become what she is because of her eternally dismal situation and is thus a symbol of a declining social morality (Rix 28). Thus, the sounds from the streets illuminate significant societal weaknesses and woes, as Blake promises in line four. As Lambert pens, The harlot--a perverse mother figure--passes down to her child a legacy of corruption and contagion, one that likewise infects the marriage institution (and, by association, the Church), ensuring for posterity an endless cycle of excoriation and oppression (141). There seems to be no room for redemption or reversal of this horrendous trend. The visual image of the manacles is also significant. He notes that the mind-forged manacles act as iron restraints on the common man. A forge is a fire which creates the manacles, just as the mind which descends into hopelessness creates the same restraints for an impoverished and oppressed citizen. Of course, manacles are used on prisoners, insinuating that societys inequalities can create prisoners of its citizens. Moore notes that this image is even an allusion to Rousseau, who notes that Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains in which they [the manacles] come from the ideas and outlook imposed on us by external authority (Moore). However, these weaknesses and woes do not stop at the societal level. They continue to traverse the mere society of common inpiduals to the upper realm of the political elite. First, Blakes first two lines illustrate a concept of British political mandates that few modern readers may understand. The lines, I wandered through each chartered street / Near where the chartered Thames does flow, reveals a concept of rule which involved the ownership of public passages, like the street and the river. Moore says, it is a matter of fact that charters were granted to powerful people to control the streets of London and even the river. It is absurd that the streets are "chartered" (not free to ordinary people) but blatantly so in the case of the mighty river, which cannot really be controlled by the passing of a law. However, every face that the speaker meets seems to echo this absurdity. War is definitely an issue which is politically volatile. In 1793, Londoners did feel the threatening tug of impending war and a growing antiwar movement was rising. Rix calls Blakes view to be nearly prophetic; In fact, Blake was nearly right in his prognosis, as the discontent with the governments recruiting tactics flared up in the violent anticrime riots of September 1794 (29). In London, the hapless soldier's sigh / Runs in blood down palace-walls, indicating an anti-war stance with the archetypal image of blood. In a similar poem also by Blake, The French Revolution, a nearly identical image is presented as blood runs down the pillars of French castles (Rix 29). Clearly Blake was opposed to the impending upheaval that would cause additional pain on London society. Another political issue, which derives arguably from a social issue, is one that Blake illuminates in other poems. That is the concept of child labor and the lack of legislation barring this type of abuse and torture. The chimney sweeper, for which Black appeared to have a very soft heart, is the central image for this line of political comment. Of course, the use of children to work until their deaths in the sooty chimneys of London is an embarrassing and despicable era of the past. Because readers of Blake will recognize this subject as the title of other poems, this image can actually stand alone. However, it does correlate in this poem with the image of the blackened church. This image links the sooty chimney-sweeper with the hapless soldier. Black, being an image of wide interpretation can be both a literal visual image and a figurative image of evil and chaos. Line 10s blackening church is seen as a most cunningly ambiguous description which has spawned much debate. Lambert cites Walter S. Minot, for example, who takes the stance which designates blackening an intransitive verb that describes . . . the blackening of the church by soot (141). Additionally, he cites Michael Ferber who views the Church as an agent which is blackening [v.t.] the minds of the sweepers, manacling them to keep them in thrall to her mystery and tyranny (Lambert 141). Finally, Lambert himself concludes that the blackening is the smoke of London commerce . . . [which] . . . blackens the church's once white limestone after which Albion was named (141). According to these three interpretations, this black color represents the economic and religious presence of the Church. It is presented as a mysterious and tyrannical force which keeps people in line out of fear. Similarly, it is treated as vice of the Church, with its focus on obtaining wealth, or perhaps conversely, as the draw of more economic gain for factories, (represented by the soot), has dulled societys feelings of obligation and affection for the Church and for religion and morality as a whole. Possible Blakes view embodies all three of these. Lambert concludes that this metaphor is indeed a double entendre, but that as such it also plays an integral role in furthering one of the poem's major themes: the reflexive and cyclical nature of institutional oppression (141). Indeed, economic, social, political and religious influences have contributed to the downtrodden state of those that Blakes speaker sees on his wanderings through London. If this oppression is Blakes theme, then what might the poem be saying about the outlook for these inpiduals? It seems that some critics feel that one of Blakes points seems to be revealed, again, through sound. Graves notes that in many anthologies, the editors point out that the poem seems to imbed, acrostically, the word hear. While this may just be a type of game, by the poet, its thematic connection may be that speaking out and getting others to listen may be the answer for the oppressed who seem to only hobble along accepting their lot. Other examiners have observed that this echo resounds through several syntactical and rhetorical techniques in the poem. Graves explains this concept in the following: The echoic repetition hear/HEAR/hear epitomizes a key rhetorical technique in the poem, which gains much of its force from linked echoic forms including syntactic parallels, reiterated diction, and witty phonic doublets. For example, the verses repeat five other substantive words besides HEAR: charterd; cry (thrice); mark/Marks; street/streets; and Infants...The end rhymes, too, are inevitably phonic echoes. Notably, hear cooperates in two pairs of rhymes hear/fear and hear/tear.Assonance and alliteration predictably create other kinds of echoism, as do three other features: (a) syntactic parallelism (see, for example, lines 57, 10). (Graves 132-133). This interpretation makes sense as each of these repeated words and phrases has to do with a sound, the sounds of voices of the people. Graves use of the word echo is appropriate, as the sounds of grief do seem to reverberate off the walls of the city buildings. London is not an easy poem to read. While one might be put off by its initial sense of simplicity. However, it can be interpreted on many levels. These are social, political and even religious. While Blake does not supply any overt recommendations for the oppressed, he does seem to make a point with his syntax that speaking out, whether it be through poetry, essay, oration or any other medium, is perhaps the only way to change ones situation. Works Cited Blake, William. London. Retrieved 3 June 2007 from http://www.eliteskills.com/c/5099 Graves, Roy Neil. Blake's London. Explicator 63.3, Spring 2005: 131-136 Lambert, Stephen. Blake's London. Explicator 53.3 Spring 1995: 141 Moore, Andrew. London. Poems by William Blake. 2002. Retrieved 3 June 2007 from http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/poetry/blake.htm#lon Rix, Robert W. Blake's Auguries of Innocence, The French Revolution, and London. Explicator 64.1, Fall 2005: 27-29.

Using PHP to Display Random Quotes

Using PHP to Display Random Quotes One way to add a random quote to your website is to use the PHP switch () statement. The switch statement compares one variable with many values and executes one piece of code depending on the value it equals. This allows you to prepare a list of quotations and then use the rand () function to select a number randomly that corresponds to one of the quotations.   Using Switch to Display Random Quotes This example code demonstrates how to use switch () to display a random quote on your website. Each of the sample quotes is set to run when  its number is chosen. By using rand () to choose a random number, one of the quotes is displayed at random. This example accommodates only six quotations, hence the rand (1,6) entry.   } ? To add more quotes, you change the rand () function to allow for higher numbers and then add in their corresponding cases in the code. If you want to include a random quote on your PHP web page, use include () to pull the quote from this file, like this: INCLUDE yoursite.com/path/to/quote_file.php

MicroL20 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MicroL20 - Essay Example b. An example of a good with a positive externality is occupied housing. Certainly, the individuals housed benefit from shelter, security, and an ability to organize their lives and families in a way that would not likely be feasible if they were homeless. Owners enjoy rents (implicit if the property is owner-occupied) on the home. These are primarily private benefits. Occupied housing tends to be better maintained, improving neighborhood property values) over the long term and neighborhoods with higher occupancy rates tend to have lower crime rates. Both of these are primarily public benefits. An example of a good with a negative externality is a car with an extremely loud stereo system. While the audiophile-owner may enjoy the experience (a private benefit), those who are forced to experience the sound against their will are faced with a nuisance (a public cost). 2. Monopolies. a. If Bart charges $15, then he sells a meal for a total profit of $10. If he charges $8, he'll sell two meals for a total profit of $6. If he charges $7, he'll sell three meals at a total profit of $6. It's in Bart's best interest to charge $15.00 and sell a single meal. The producer surplus in this case is $10 and there is no consumer surplus. b. Without advanced knowledge of who would be willing to pay which price, it would be difficult for him to price discriminate, but there are some strategies he might pursue. One is to institute â€Å"haggling.† If every transaction is negotiated, it is possible that those willing to pay a higher price might be persuaded to part with more cash for the same meal than a less well-funded customer (though this increases transaction costs). It might also be possible for Bart to create categories of customers, through some sort of discounting mechanism, which would make it more likely that those willing to pay more would spend more. He might create three cosmetically different, though essentially similar, meals (though this pushes the boundarie s of the premise, since the meals would no longer be the same). Ideally, he would be able to sell three meals, one each for $15, $8 and $7. In reality, with imperfect information, he'd likely not do this well. c. Bart would be able to sell three meals, one each for $15, $8 and $7. The producer surplus will be $15 and there will be no consumer surplus. d. If all three meals were purchased by one person, it would be difficult for Brad to price discriminate, except, perhaps, by the use of discount cards or some similar device that needed to be presented upon ordering or paying. Assuming he could not price discriminate and the consumers presented a united, three meals or nothing front, we would expect three meals sold at $7 each. e. If there were another restaurant in town, it would be much more difficult for Bart to price discriminate. He would need to depend on factors such as market friction, customer loyalty or location preference (i.e., Bart's restaurant is easier to get to) or col lusion with his competitor to maintain some degree of monopoly power if he wanted to continue to price discriminate. As the number of competitors increased the situation would increasingly resemble a perfect competition model and Bart would become a price taker. f. It would be very difficult to effectively price discriminate

The encapsulation efficiency of a targeted drug delivery system Literature review - 1

The encapsulation efficiency of a targeted drug delivery system consisting of Herceptin-loaded polymers, an evaluation and characterization - Literature review Example There is enough evidence on nature on nanotechnology. For instance, the DNA molecules width is about 2.5nm, the thickness of the human hair is about 10,000nm thick, and the diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 0.1nm that is too small to be seen by human eyes. Nature also produces nanostructures that offer functional proteins, which are of great significance at the cellular level. It is argued that one of the functions of these proteins found in cells is nanotechnological separations. Molecular motors that comprise the human muscles are complex nanomachines that convert chemical energy to mechanical energy with high efficiency. Ribosomes can also produce protein molecules with high precision and photosynthesis is carried out in plants by nanosize cells that use energy to synthesize organic compounds with the use of cheap raw materials (Bender & Nahta, 2008). Pharmacists have confirmed the effectiveness of using Herceptin. Although the medication has raised controversies among scholars, it is confirmed that the medication is of paramount importance in the process of healing. According to Sauter et al. 2009, Herceptinis anticancer medication used mainly to treat early stage malignant cancer of the breast and in some cases cancer of the stomach. This is a condition that has for a long time given medical researchers sleepless nights as many of the medications used currently have been found to have severe side effects. In the process of treatment, Herceptin acts on those tumors which produce the Human Epidermal growth Receptor (HER2 protein) more than the normal amount. Human Epidermal growth Receptor 2 is a protein which enhances the growth of cancer cells. The presence of the cancerous cells leads to excessive production of the HER2 protein hence promoting the metastasis of the cancerous cells to a larger part of the affected area. The

Impact of Human Resources Management

Impact of Human Resources Management Robert Proctor Introduction The purpose of this paper is to answer questions about the Human Resource Managers impact during organizational changes or challenges and two questions about my experience with change and challenge with the support of the Human Resource Management of my organization the Navy Personnel Support Detachment (PSD). What are the competencies of a Human Resource Manager? One writer defines Human Resources competencies skills sets as intrinsic characteristics which exhibit themselves through ones personal traits, habits, motives, social roles, and self-image. All these attributes enable a person to deliver excellence in performance in any given job, role, or situation (Darvish, Moogali, Moosavi, Panahi, 2012). Snell and Bohlander categorizes these competencies into mastery sets called: business mastery, human mastery and personal credibility (Snell Bohlander, 2012). In my opinion, I see the position of the Human Resources Manager as being that of a middleman in any organization who is tasked with providing the human touch within the organization. As the writer states above, they are the branch of any organization that must operate at the highest level of proficiency in all areas. The Human Resources Management department of my organization (Department of the Air Force) in my experience is a group of people who one can rely on to have answers to a sundry array of issues personally and professionally. I have heard from others of their experiences with HR departments, in their organization, which resulted in less than the standard manner of excellence that one would expect. How a change/challenged was introduced in my organization? The scope of operations for the unit I am assigned to which is the San Antonio Navy Personnel Detachment is to provide administrative and financial services for staff and student military personnel stationed at Joint-Base San Antonio (Fort Sam, Lackland AFB, and Randolph AFB) and the surrounding reserve unit and recruiting commands that are in and around San Antonio and as far north as Austin, Texas. The Department of the Navy Human Resources branch recently conducted a work survey of various personnel support detachment. My unit was involved in that survey. Because of that survey, there was a worldwide operational reconfiguration plan implemented for the realignment of all Navy Personnel Support Detachments. The purpose of this reconfiguration was to consolidate the detachments due to an implementation of an e-resource which took away many of their tasks when it allowed sailor level self-service for many of their administrative and personnel services. This resulted in a need for reduction and an overhaul the current support detachments configuration. This reduction in support detachments was accomplished through consolidation by realignment of support detachments. Because of that change, our unit became the command center for two outlining units (Houston and Corpus Christi). What this meant to us is the demographics of our customer base not only increased in sizes but the complexities of administrative action we would conduct changed as well. Typically, our standard client is enlisted initial entry and retiring Navy personnel. What is the appropriate HR Manager response to for this change/challenge? The HR Department has approached this change from a proactive perspective. We were provided numerous briefings at least 12 months prior to the changed in the configuration that kept everyone informed of the event and provided enough space to answer any concerns as the project moved forward. Once the change began and during the hand-off phase, we were kept in the loop at the leave where the change would affect us the most. Due to the proximity of the units, we inherited the leadership team at the local level began to operate in a flexible fashion that is partly reactive and partly proactive. This flexibility allows the leadership team the opportunity to identify any faults in their operating process to help them better integrate with the command. If they have not accomplished this step yet, I believe Navy HR Department and the local Leadership staff should have an action plan in place that outlines appropriate training requirements that ensure everyone is operating from the same stand ards. Was the involvement of the Human Resources Management beneficial with this change? Overall, the change has progressed fairly smoothly. Though there have been a few miscues along the way, I see the process going forth as efficiently and professionally as it can be done. The leadership has visited the outlining units frequently. And as we receive work from these units, many of the clerks at the command level are noticing a decrease in errors and issues. I believe much of the success in this transition is due in part to the oversight of the Department of the Navy HR department who continue to facilitate the change to ensure the changeover results in a seamless and disruption-free transition. Conclusion The purpose of this paper was to answer questions about the Human Resource Managers impact during organizational changes or challenges and two questions about my experience with change and challenge with the support of the Human Resource Management of my organization the Navy Personnel Support Detachment (PSD). References Darvish, H., Moogali, A., Moosavi , M., Panahi, B. (2012, September 30). Survey relationship between human resources roles and human resources competencies. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), 8. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com.uiwtx.idm.oclc.org/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=srcsi=400870sr=HEADLINE(Survey+Relationship+between+Human+Resources+Roles+and+Human+Resources+Competencies)%2BAND%2BDATE%2BIS%2B2012 Snell, S. A., Bohlander, G. W. (2012). Managing human resources (29th ed.). [VitalSource Books]. Retrieved from https://www.vitalsource.com/

Harmful Algae :: Geology

Abstract The purpose of this term paper is to provide information about the different kinds of algal blooms and their effect on our environment and ourselves. There are still a lot of things that are not known about the algal bloom phenomenon, and many different hypotheses have been presented to explain these. Throughout the course of this paper those hypotheses will be presented and discussed, allowing the reader to derive their own opinion about the origin of algal blooms and what will happen in the future. table of contents Table of Contents I. Harmful Algae II. What are Algal Blooms and Red Tides? III. Why do Algal Blooms occur? IV. What are the effects of Algal Blooms? V. Where and how often do Algal Blooms occur? VI. Resources I. Harmful Algae All algal species are not harmful. Only a few out of the thousands of species are associated with the phenomenon known as an algal bloom. These algae fall into two categories. The first category of harmful algae produces toxins that are released when ingested by animals or humans. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (left) and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (right) are examples of toxin producing alga. The other category of harmful algae kill without toxins. These are equipped with structures such as spines and serrated edges that allow them to lodge in fish gill tissues. When this occurs it causes irritation which leads to overproduction of mucus which eventually leads to death. This Chaetoceros species (above) is an example of an algae that kills by using specialized serrated structures. back to table of contents II. What Are Algal Blooms and Red Tides? Algal blooms are when algae grows at a fast rate and accumulate near the surface, hence the term "algal bloom". The term "Red Tide" is a misnomer because it has nothing to do with the tides. It refers to a specific type of algal bloom that occurs when certain species of phytoplankton that contain red pigments "bloom" causing the water to look red. Red Tides are usually not harmful. The California Noctiluca Bloom is an example of a Red Tide back to table of contents III. Why Do algal blooms Occur? Scientists aren't exactly sure of how or why algal blooms get started. One theory is that when temperature, salinity, and nutrients reach certain levels there is a massive increase in the amount of algae.